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Neste capítulo apresentam-se as principais funções dos geossintéticos, as propriedades relevantes para o seu desempenho e os métodos de ensaio presentemente utilizados para avaliar essas propriedades, com destaquepara os métodos baseados nas normas europeias em vigor.

C3Places - using ICT for Co-Creation of inclusive public Places is a project funded under the scheme of the ERA-NET Cofund Smart Urban Futures / Call joint research programme (ENSUF), JPI Urban Europe, https://jpi-urbaneurope.eu/project/c3places. C3Places aims at increasing the quality of public open spaces (e.g. squares, parks, green spaces) as community service, reflecting the needs of different social groups through ICTs. The notion of C3Places is based on the understanding that public open spaces have many different forms and features, and collectively add crucial value to the experience and liveability of urban areas. Understanding public open spaces can be done from a variety of perspectives. For simplicity’s sake, and because it best captures what people care most about, C3Places considers the “public” dimension to be a crucial feature of an urban space. Public spaces are critical for cultural identity, as they offer places for interactions among generations and ethnicities. Even in the digital era, people still need contact with nature and other people to develop different life skills, values and attitudes, to be healthy, satisfied and environmentally responsible. The book aims to spark discussion on the co-creation of public open spaces through the active involvement of different stakeholders in the production of a more inclusive, attractive and responsive urban environment. It intends to help researchers, governments and drivers in understanding and implementing more collaborative actions. The authors share experiences, visions and reflections on how co-creation and participatory processes can open up possibilities for a sustainable and equitable future. This book emphasises three dimensions: practice, reflection, and learning. Practice concerns driving actions, identified and analysed experiences that serve as key models. Reflection refers to exploring and examining the results and performances of a co-creation process. Co-creation is not the search for a final product, but rather a process and a new path to more responsive and inclusive communities. Learning refers to the knowledge transfer and replication induced by the synergy of the different actors involved in this book. The chapters which constitute this work were completed prior to Spring 2020, so the research and insights do not reference the global public health crisis caused by Covid-19. However, in such challenging times the argument for co-creation approaches to increase the potential of public spaces to support a range of inclusiveness outcomes is even stronger. This publication is based upon work of C3Places Project. The C3Places Project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 693443 and from FCT (Portuguese Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology).

Saúdo calorosamente os participantes desta sessão comemorativa da Universidade Agostinho Neto para apresentar a experiência do LNEC nas bacias do Cunene e Cuvelai nomeadamente sobre a avaliação e modelação de águas superficiais e subterrâneas, soluções para mitigação de cheias e secas e os modelos BALSEQ e GABA-IFI. Saliento a boa cooperação desenvolvida por Portugal e Angola com os nossos Países Irmãos da CPLP nos SILUSBAs, os Simpósios de Hidráulica e Recursos Hídricos dos Países de Língua Oficial Portuguesa. Realço o 9º SILUSBA realizado em Benguela em 2009. Passaram 25 anos desde que, em Abril de 1994, a Comissão Diretiva da Associação Portuguesa dos Recursos Hídricos (APRH), a que tive a honra de presidir, e a Associação Brasileira de Recursos Hídricos (ABRH), lançaram o bem sucedido desafio de incorporar os novos Países da CPLP na organização dos SILUSBAs. Em 2019, como Presidente da Comissão Organizadora Internacional no 14º SILUSBA em Cabo Verde, escolhi o tema "SILUSBA 25 anos construindo a Comunidade da Água da CPLP

How to control saltwater intrusion in coastal zones implementing an appropriated MAR facility? The parameters required to answer that question, include the selection of the most appropriate MAR technology and the best location for MAR having (1) good infiltration rates; (2) enough space to store underground the recharged water; (3) guarantee that the travel time of the recharged water in the aquifer is long enough, compatible with the expected frequency of drought periods; (4) economic efficiency maximization; (5) availability of areas for MAR; and, (6) positive impacts on the society. GABA-IFI model addresses those parameters allowing the selection of the most appropriate place for the location of MAR. Examples will be presented in the paper. Nevertheless, GABA-IFI is not sufficient regarding coastal zones and the expected increase in sea levels worldwide. We have to assess the most vulnerable zones to control groundwater quality degradation assessing vulnerability to saltwater intrusion. GALDIT method is an appropriate toll to assess vulnerability to saltwater intrusion, and today, probably, the most used model towards that aim worldwide. Examples will be presented in the paper. GALDIT uses the hydrogeological parameters such as aquifer properties, hydraulic conductivity, groundwater level, distance from the coastline, current severity of saltwater intrusion, and aquifer thickness to make saltwater intrusion vulnerability indices. The GALDIT gives a weight to each of the indices, and prioritize the indices through a decision-making process, and then assess the possibility of saltwater intrusion by a numerical calculation. GALDIT spatial mapping is acquired using GIS techniques to show the intrinsic vulnerability to saltwater intrusion quantitatively. Worldwide application of GALDIT allow us to assess today and future expected seawater intrusion vulnerability in many coastal regions of the five continents, by applying different sea water level rise scenarios. To counteract the expect harmful eventually catastrophic consequences of saltwater intrusion into coastal aquifers and their groundwater quality Managed Aquifer Recharge is the best NBS and a precious toll, i.e. a sound, safe and sustainable, scientific based, solution. MAR in coastal areas depends on the availability of water including waste water appropriately treated. The optimization of MAR is the aim of the paper, taking advantage of Vulnerability Assessment of saltwater Intrusion using GALDIT model. This will allow the selection of the most vulnerable areas affected or expected to be affected by seawater intrusion optimizing MAR water needs in scenarios of sea level rise due to climate change.

This volume aims to promote discussion and critical thinking on the urban environment at the intersection of the neighbourhood and the city, along their socio-spatial relations, from an interdisciplinary, multidimensional and international perspective. The chapters cover various aspects related to the meaning of living, intervening, planning, managing, thinking about and producing the city in the digital era, with a view to increasing the understanding of neighbourhoods as part of a wider consideration of social and sustainable development and the need for greater care of urban communities. This has a direct impact on public open spaces, which lie at the core of CyberParks. The international scope of the edition is enhanced by its bilingual nature, as this volume targets, in addition to a European readership, also the readership of Portuguese-speaking countries. This publication is based upon work from COST Action TU1306, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).

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