Artigos de Revista

The introduction of new species in forest management must be undertaken with a degree ofcare, to help prevent the spread of invasive species. However, new species with higher profitability are needed to increase forest products value and the resilience of rural populations. Paulownia tomentosa has an extremely fast growth. The objective and novelty of this work was to study the potential use of young Paulownia trees grown in Portugal by using heat treatment to improve its properties, thereby allowing higher value applications of the wood. The average chemical composition of untreated and heat-treated wood was determined. The extractive content was determined by successive Soxhlet extraction with dichloromethane (DCM), ethanol and water as solvents. The composition of lipophilic extracts was performed by injection in GC-MS with mass detection. Insoluble and soluble lignin, holocellulose and

Although the chronology of the tiling of Bacalhôa with majolica azulejos was always known to be around 1565, given the date inscribed in the panel representing the biblical episode of Susanna and the Elders, their provenance as well as the authorship of the figurative panels, remained clouded and open to personal opinion. A previous analytical study of the main panels and linings with patterned tiles of Bacalhôa concluded that some of them could not be ascribed to the workshops of Lisbon at that chronology, differing in terms of glaze and biscuit compositions and micro-morphology, suggesting that they may have been imported. The present paper presents a detailed study of those presumably imported panels and patterned tiles, firstly setting a reference based on the micro-morphological and analytical characteristics of the two panels depicting coats of arms, and then comparing the remaining items with them to verify whether they may be clustered together. Finally, we discuss their possible provenance.

This essay provides an overview of the architecture of the Bacalhôa palace and estate, and of some of its ceramic panels and linings. The estate comprises a varied range of tiles but the research project encompassing the present study focuses exclusively on the 16th century majolica type. Consequently, this article will make only sporadic or indirect references to Hispano-Moresque tiles. The project also included iconographic interpretations of certain significant azulejo panels and patterned tiles but these will be included in future papers specifically dedicated to those particular parts of the majolica tile linings, rather than as an integral aspect of the present study. Accordingly, this essay only includes iconographic details of groups of tiles that will not be examined in subsequent articles. This applies to the tiles of the Lake Wall and in the Vineyard Chapels.

This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in storm surge forecasting and its particular application in the northernAdriatic Sea. The city of Venice relies crucially on a good flood forecasting system in order to protect the extensive culturalheritage, their population, and their economic activities. Storm surge forecasting systems are in place to warn the populationof imminent flood threats. In the future, it will be of paramount importance to increase the reliability of these forecastingsystems, especially with the new MOSE mobile barriers that will be completed by 2021, and will depend on accurate storm35 surge forecasting to control their operation. In this paper, the physics behind the flooding of Venice is discussed, and the stateof the art of European storm surge forecasting is reviewed. The challenges that lie ahead for Venice and its forecasting systemsare analyzed, especially in view of uncertainty. Some extreme events that happened in the past and were particularly difficultto forecast are also described

Urban allotment gardens (AGs) provide a unique combination of productive and recre-ational spaces for the inhabitants of European cities. Although the reasons behind the decision tohave a plot, as well as the mode of use and gardening practices, are well recognised in the literature,these issues are mainly considered in relation to particular case studies within a single country. Theregional diversity of European allotment gardens is still poorly understood, however. This knowl-edge gap became an incentive for us to carry out the present study. The research was conducted inseven countries: Austria, Estonia, Germany, France, Portugal, Poland and the UK. Surveys were usedto assess the motivations of users regarding plot uses and gardening practices. Information was alsocollected during desk research and study visits, making use of available statistical data. Allotmentgardens in Europe are currently very diverse, and vary depending on the historical, legal, economicand social conditions of a given country, and also as determined by geographical location. Three maintypes of plots were distinguished, for: cultivation, recreation

Shared e-scooter systems were first introduced in 2017 and have since been spreading around the world as a sustainable mode of transport. The success of this mode is also due to new urban mobility strategies and plans, such as the European Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy, which relies on non-pollutant modes. To display the range of effects that can be achieved in urban mobility through the proper implementation of shared e-scooter systems, a systematic literature review and a case study were performed. It was found that this shared system can help cities with environmental issues, such as reducing air pollution, reducing inequality in access to transport, promoting money-saving, and improving mobility resilience. During the Covid-19 pandemic, shared e-scooters became a great asset in many cities worldwide, because they promote social distancing and help cities not to rely only on private cars to replace public transport rides, especially for short distance trips. In the case study of Braga, it was found that the city still relies on shared e-scooter modes as a mobility option after the pandemic, also promoting special fares for people to start using the service.

Among thermal insulation solutions for historic walls, thermal renders and plasters appear to be a very feasible option. Thus, this work analyses commercially available thermal mortars suitable for the scope.An extensive experimental campaign showed that testing single materials only, which is the standard requirement for thermal mortar-based systems, is in fact not sufficient for understanding the potential impact of the intervention on walls: whole-systems should also be examined. This study provides a detailedcharacterization of materials and systems, useful as a database for forthcoming investigations on compatibility and efficacy for application on historic walls, via numerical hygrothermal simulations.

Our historic heritage needs to be prepared to face the new challenges imposed by climate change. A possible way to meet this urgent need consists in improving buildings resilience and energy efficiency through envelope refurbishment interventions. Consequently, an overview of the existing solutions for envelope retrofits in historic buildings is provided and their suitability for preserving valuable constructions is discussed.Thermal insulation solutions appear as the most discussed interventions and, therefore, their compatibility is considered in detail, accounting the hygric point of view. First, a general, rough criterium is introduced for ranking their hygric behaviour, according to their vapour permeability and capillary absorption coefficient, through a comparison with the average hygric characteristics of some historic building materials. Then, a method for performing fast, preliminary compatibility assessment is proposed, based on the definition of target interventions (qualitative hygric requirements) for specific clusters of situations (type of intervention, component, boundary conditions).

Plasters have covered wide surface areas of buildings since antiquity, with a main purpose of indoor protection of the substrate on which they are applied. When no longer functional, they might require substitution with solutions that can combine compatibility with the substrate with the current need to mitigate building emissions. Indeed, plasters can contribute to lowering buildings