Publicações

Poplar wood is a light, soft, and fast-growing timber from a hardwood species, characteristics that make it suitable for several applications. This study focused on the mechanical characterization of Portuguese poplar species, namely white poplar (Populus Alba) and black poplar (P. nigra), aiming for its structural use. Therefore, a sample of lamellae was assessed to determine its density and dynamic modulus of elasticity, using a non-destructive device, based on longitudinal vibrations. Clear wood specimens were obtained from a set of lamellae to perform tension and compression parallel-to-grain tests. These tests were used to determine the moduli of elasticity in tension and compression and the tensile and compressive strengths and strains. Also, typical stress-strain curves were identified for the sample studied. The results stressed the potential for structural applications of Portuguese poplar.

N/A

Four types of sandwich panels with multilayered designs were produced using wood veneer of Aleppo pine as face and inner sheets, and cork agglomerate as core,intended for use in construction as panelling or partition walls in interior applications. These multilayered sandwich panels were characterized regarding static hardnessand dimensional stability when facing changes in relative humidity and when subjected to a deformation. The panels showed a considerable increase in dimensional stability and shear strength with the increase of the number oflayers. The results suggest that the correct design choice, for example number of inner wood sheets and thickness of cork core layers, allows these sandwich panels to be used as non-structural construction elements such as partition walls.

Changes in flagellate protist communities of subterranean termite Reticulitermes gras-sei across different locations were evaluated following four predictions: (i) Rural endemic (Portugal mainland) termite populations will exhibit high diversity of symbionts; (ii) invasive urban populations (Horta city, Faial island, Azores), on the contrary, will exhibit lower diversity of symbionts, showing high similarity of symbiont assemblages through environmental filtering; (iii) recent historical colonization of isolated regions

This paper describes the use of non-destructive methods to assess the mechanical properties of structural glued laminated timber made from poplar. The longitudinal vibration method and transformed section method were considered. Full-scale tests were also performed to determine the most relevant mechanical properties of 18 beams, namely modulus of elasticity and bending strength. In addition, the bonding performance of each beam was checked by delamination and shear strength tests. Detailed analysis of the results was performed and combined with Levene's and Tukey's tests. The accuracy of the two non-destructive test methods was evaluated by linear regression analysis. The transformed section method showed stronger correlations with modulus of elasticity and shear strength. Slightly lower values were presented by the longitudinal vibration method. A strength class of GL24c can be assigned for glued laminated poplar made with timber with lower properties at the inner lamellas.

Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) wood samples were subjected to a combined treatment by densification and heat treatment. Samples were densified before and after heat treatment. The heat treatment was made inside an oven at 190ºC during 2 to 6 h and wood densification was made in a hot press at around 48 bar pressure and temperatures between 160ºC and 200ºC for 30 min. Compression-set, compression-set recovery after three cycles of water soaking followed by oven drying, density, hardness, bending strength and stiffness and durability against subterranean termites were determined after the treatment. Results show that densification increases density, hardness, bending strength, stiffness and durability against termites. Heat treatment applied after the densification is more effective in reducing compression-set recovery than if applied before.

The ability of subterranean termites to digest lignocellulose relies not onlyon their digestive tract physiology, but also on the symbiotic relationshipsestablished with flagellate protists and bacteria. The objective of this workwas to test the possible effect of different cellulose-based diets on the communitystructure (species richness and other diversity metrics) of the flagellateprotists of the subterranean termite Reticulitermes grassei. Termitesbelonging to the same colony were subjected to six different diets (naturaldiet, maritime pine wood, European beech, thermally modified Europeanbeech, cellulose powder and starvation), and their flagellate protist communitywas evaluated after the trials.All non-treated sound woods produced similar flagellate protist communitiesthat were more diverse and of high evenness (low dominance).On the contrary, flagellate protist communities from cellulose-fed termitesand starving termites were considered to be significantly different from allnon-treated woods; they were less diverse and some morphotypes becamedominant as a consequence of flagellate protist communities having sufferedmajor adaptations to these diets. The flagellate protist communitiesof untreated beech and thermally modified beech-fed termites were consideredto be significantly different in terms of abundance and morphotypediversity. This may be caused by a decrease in lignocellulose qualityavailable for termites and from an interference of thermally treated woodwith the chemical stability of the termite hindgut.Our study suggests that as a consequence of the strong division oflabour among these protists to accomplish the intricate process of lignocellulosedigestion, termite symbiotic flagellate protist communities are adynamic assemblage able to adapt to different conditions and diets. Thisstudy is important for the community-level alteration approach, and it isthe first study to investigate the effects of thermally modified wood on theflagellate protist communities of subterranean termites.

Serviceability limit states (related to deformation) rather than ultimate limit states (related to collapse)are often the reason for the need to assess existing timber structures. Prediction of timber members

Monitoring and evaluation of glued laminated timber structures in service is essential to warrant its integrity, where non-destructive techniques play an important role. This paper describes the results obtained on glued laminated timber beams of maritime pine, with and without preservative treatment, and of spruce, exposed to naturaloutdoor environment as well as to artificial weathering. The assessment of glue lines

This paper presents work carried out with the aim of characterizing the mechanical behavior and developing visual and machine strength grading systems for Portuguese maritime pine roundwood for structural applications. Two samples of forty maritime pine logs each were collected, one in a northern region of Portugal and another in an interior central region. After drying, the logs were visually graded andsubjected to nondestructive tests, using vibration and ultrasounds, for determination of dynamic modulus of elasticity. The logs were then subjected to destructive tests for determining bending and compression strength and bending modulus of elasticity. These results were analyzed in order to identify the features to be considered in the strength grading process. From this analysis, a proposal was developed tovisually grade Portuguese maritime pine roundwood in two strength grades. According to the European strength class standard for solid timber, the upper grade has similar mechanical properties to the C50 class, whereas the lower grade is similar to the C35. The machine grading showed good potential as a result of the good correlation presented between the dynamic modulus of elasticity and the mechanical properties. However, the ultrasounds showed slightly better correlation than the vibration method, whereas the last one is more practical.

Bridge falsework systems, in particular those constituted by proprietary modular framed systems of metallic elements connected by special couplers are frequently used in structural engineering works. The popular Cuplok® system was chosen for this study. A total of 192 tests were carried out divided in four types of joints. For each type of joint, several pa-rameters, critical to define the joints

The fire performance of timber structures is largely influenced by the behaviour of theconnections. Current structural fire design rules for timber connections, according toEN 1995-1-2 [1], are based on a limited number of tests and are only valid for fire resistances up to 30 minutes, for unprotected bolted or dowelled (with d < 12 mm) connections with side member of wood. Improving the fire resistance of timber connections has been the goal of several studies [2

The fire performance of timber structures is largely influenced by the behaviour of theconnections. Current structural fire design rules for timber connections, according toEN 1995-1-2 [1], are based on a limited number of tests and are only valid for fire resistances up to 30 minutes, for unprotected bolted or dowelled (with d < 12 mm) connections with sidemember of wood.Improving the fire resistance of timber connections has been the goal of several studies [2

Survey of existing timber structures often includes the need to allocate mechanical properties to structural timber members. This task has to take into account the huge variability of timber's properties (within and between species), characteristic that differentiates this material from other structural materials (e.g. concrete and steel). For many decades, and still now, the application of visual strenght standards is the main or only procedure used for this task. despite the large number of other non and semi-destructive technique developed their regular application to in situ assesment of timber's mechanical properties is still almost non-existent. The present paper discusses possible ways to use and combine information from visual grading standards and non and semi-destructive techniques to predict the reference properties of timber members in service. The discussion has in mind studies conducted over the last years and the information provided by different guidelines, standards or papers recently published.

Historical centers are important elements of our cities, representing their historyand evolution. Many cities are facing the problem of having several vacant and degraded buildings needing intervention to avoid collapses. Also several examples of unforeseen events, like earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, etc., have severely damaged important historical cities. Beyondthe risk of losing built heritage, these buildings represent public danger for citizens. Thus, in post-disaster scenarios it is urgent to protect historical buildings in order to prevent the propagationof damages.This paper presents a first efficiency assessment of using wood based systems in buildings needing urgent consolidation or damaged after disasters. Being light, easy to handle and install, as well as providing the sufficient load carrying to prevent the evolution of the damage and losses, wood and wood-based elements can be associated in different arrangements providingquick construction systems for the consolidation of damaged constructions.

This paper presents the laboratory work performed with the purpose of understanding the mechanical performance of 340x20x20 mm maritime pine wood samples degraded by rot fungi when treated with a biocide product followed by consolidation through impregnation with a polymeric product.Four commercially available products were used: a water-based biocide, BC, a solvent-based biocide, X, an acrylic consolidant, PB (PB 72), and an epoxy-based consolidant, E. Seven sets of specimens each one having a varied range of fungal degradation were prepared. Thenthe product combinations were applied by brush to six sets of specimens (E, X-E, BC-E, PB, X-PB, BC-PB) of which one was left untreated for control, 0-0. Finally all sets were subjected to static bending strength test until rupture. Results showed that the acrylic and epoxy-based products lead to increased mechanical capacity ofthe consolidated wood up to 100% in some cases in specimens with 70% of MOE loss. The results presented the same order of magnitude for both wood consolidants. The previous application of biocide did not have a significant impact in the behavioral pattern of the consolidant: a markedimprovement of the bending strength of the degraded specimens after treatment and consolidation. These results demonstrated the feasibility of combining biocide/consolidation products, and provideindications of interest to the application of this technique to extend the lifespan of wood elements moderately degraded by fungi in old buildings.

A parafina tem sido utilizada ao longo dos tempos como proteção superficial da madeira. A sua utilização por impregnação para melhorar a resistência à biodegradação é recente. Pretendeu-se com este estudo determinar a eventual melhoria das principais propriedades mecânicas da madeira com este tratamento. A madeira utilizada nos testes foi madeira sã de Pinus pinaster Ait. A madeira foi impregnada com parafina a diferentes níveis, usando um processo de quente-frio, partindo de madeira húmida e seca, com 2 h em banho quente a 160oC e 10 ou 30 min em banho a 60oC. O ganho de massa, a tensão de rotura à flexão e o módulo aparente de elasticidade (MOE) num ensaio a 3 pontos e a dureza Jankja foram determinados com recurso a uma máquina de testes universal. Como esperado, a madeira húmida absorveu mais parafina com ganhos de massa entre 72% e 100%. A madeira seca apresentou ganhos de massa entre 46% e 51%. A tensão de rotura à flexão aumentou com o aumento de massa de parafina, atingindo um acréscimo de 39% em relação àa madeira não tratada para a madeira com um ganho de massa próximo de 80%. Em relação aoMOE, houve também um aumento, embora menor, atingindo cerca de 13% para ganho de massa de cerca de 80%. Verificou-se um aumento da dureza Janka com oganho de massa, atingindo cerca de 40% de aumento para a madeira com 80% de ganho de massa. Cnclui-se que a impregnação com parafina não deve ser feita com madeira completamente seca, além do conhecido aumento de resistência à biodegradação, esta impregnação melhora também várias propriedades mecânicas da madeira como a sua resistência à flexão e dureza, o que lhe pode atribuir um maior valor acrescentado

Apresenta-se uma proposta de investigação para o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de apoio ao projecto de arquitectura de habitação em madeira. A construção em madeira vem assumindo uma importância crescente face aos desafios actuais. A sua utilização pode contribuir para a redução dos impactes ambientais da construção ao nível do consumo de energia, da emissão de gases com efeitos de estufa e da produção deresíduos. Em alguns países, a tradição consolidada proporciona uma aceitação generalizada da construção em madeira para habitação. Nos últimos anos, várias empresas nacionais do sector da construção em madeiradesenvolveram um leque variado de soluções de habitação unifamiliar. Esta é uma tipologia com uma procura significativa em Portugal. No entanto, o abrandamento da economia nacional e a consequente redução daprocura obrigou já algumas empresas de construção e projecto a procurarem novos mercados. Os países do espaço Lusófono são parceiros naturais na troca de experiências e conhecimento pelo que podem serdestinatários privilegiados de soluções, tanto ao nível da construção como ao nível do projecto. Em Portugal, apesar do avanço dos últimos anos, a construção em madeira estrutural para habitação é um domínio reservado ainda a uma minoria de especialistas, projectistas e construtores. O papel do arquitecto no primeiro contactocom o cliente, na definição do programa base e nas primeiras opções construtivas ao nível de projecto é de extrema importância. Grande parte das escolhas iniciais determina o desenvolvimento posterior do projecto e amaior ou menor adequação da obra aos dados do programa e do contexto. Neste sentido considera-se importante desenvolver uma metodologia de apoio ao projecto de arquitectura. Esta metodologia visa informar os arquitectos sobre as decisões cruciais a tomar em projecto, em função dos sistemas de construção disponíveis e da singularidade de cada situação. Assim, apresenta-se neste artigo o quadro teórico de uma metodologia deapoio ao projecto de arquitectura, a desenvolver e concretizar num estudo em curso.

A round robin involving 15 European participants was set up in 2006. The round robin consists of both a field test according to the double layer test method and a laboratory test with two different preconditioning methods. When comparing EN 84 preconditioning (two weeks water leaching with natural preconditioning (1 year in field, above ground) according to CEN/TS 15397, no significant difference could be noted for untreated controls, thermally modified wood or CCA impregnated wood. However, for wood treated with a metal-free organic preservative, a clear difference could be seen where much of the efficacy seen after EN 84 preconditioning is lost when natural preconditioning is used instead. In the field tests, the control pine performs similar in all fields whereas both thermally modified and preservative treated wood performs much better in the Nordic fields than in the Mid- and Southern European fields. The thermally modified wood performs almost as poor as the controls in the Southern European fields, whereas the organic preservative treated wood performs well in these fields. In the six Mid-European fields, the organic preservative treated and thermally modified wood performs equally poor but much better than the controls. The best compliance between field performance and laboratory test results is obtained when comparing the average results from the field tests with results from EN 113 tests with Postia placenta after natural preconditioning according to CEN/TS 15397.

Timber is one of the most used materials in the roofs and floors of monumentalconstructions in Portugal. The geometry is defined by elements that occupy a limited and well defined part of the tri-dimensional space, with a clear evidence of the hierarchy of the components.Timber elements are often visible, which allows easier conservation, identification of the wood species, characterization of details and evaluation of deterioration.Complex timber structures, such as those belonging to the roofs of large monuments, are often not easy to understand in a expedite way. As the coverings of monuments as cathedrals, public buildings, mansions or villas show very complicate features, not easy to be understood during thefirst inspection. This is not only due to the fact that the system is very elaborate and to the large number of members but also due to continuous changes and repair past works, mostly with additional stiffening or propping. The typical result of the history of the construction is the increasein the number and the heterogeneity of the members, together with a multiplicity of connections and diversity of supports. This means that the original must be distinguished from the additions and thereplacements. This complexity makes the field of conservation of historical timber structures not only a challenge but a field much in need of modern research.The objective of this paper is to present some of the Portuguese experience in this field, showing how the rehabilitation solutions can be supported by the inspection techniques and by an extensiveknowledge about the constituent material from which the structure was made, both from the mechanical point of view and from the physical point of view. A number of case studies will be presented to illustrate common conservation problems, and design problems as well as the possibilities and limitations of several solutions and to discuss the suitability of several intervention methods.

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

O Museu da Academia das Ciências de Lisboa possui uma preciosa xiloteca assinada pelo Mestre dos marceneiros portugueses, José Aniceto Rapozo contendo 1213 amostras de madeiras do Brasil e 12 de outras origens. A sua importância no progresso do conhecimento dos recursos florestais do Brasil naviragem dos séculos dezoito e dezanove conduziu ao estudo em curso. Dada a devastação verificada em vastas áreas florestais brasileiras, surgem dificuldades por certas espécies poderem ter distribuiçãogeográfica diferente (com eventual extinção, geral ou localizada), por insuficiência do material de comparação, e por ambiguidade das designações comerciais.Foi possível identificar esta xiloteca como uma de quatro encomendadas a Aniceto Rapozo pelo Príncipe Regente. A análise das amostras de madeira e a informação documental mostram que a colecçãotem por base uma remessa de 5008 amostras de madeiras do Brasil enviada em 1784 para o Arsenal Real do Exército, em Lisboa, pelo Vice-Rei do Brasil, Luís de Vasconcellos e Souza.O valor científico do conjunto é evidenciado pela identificação botânica das espéciesrepresentadas. Na situação actual, a identificação das espécies florestais representadas na amostragem foiinteiramente conseguida em 14% dos casos, conseguida mas ainda por confirmar em 27%. Dado o carácter preliminar deste estudo, os seus resultados serão ulteriormente publicados com mais pormenor. Among the Lisbon Academy of Sciences Museum collection there is a valuable xylarium by theleading Portuguese master cabinet-maker José Aniceto Rapozo (1756-1824), comprising 1213 wood samples from Brazil plus 12 from elsewhere. This collection is most important since it allows us to improve the knowledge on Brazilian forest resources by the end of the eighteenth century and thebeginning of the next. This study aims to establish its historical framework and scientific value. Owing tooverexploitation and even devastation of very large forest areas in Brazil, difficulties for our study aroseeither as some species may have now a different geographical distribution (and eventually may have underwent local or general extinction), by lack of adequate comparison material, or because of ambiguityof the commercial names.Results so far obtained allowed us to recognize the xylarium as one of the four commanded Rapozo by the Regent Prince, later King João VI (1767-1826). Taking into account the wood samples analyses as well as bibliographic data it is possible to conclude that the collection was prepared from a set 3 of 5008 Brazilian wood samples sent to the Royal Arsenal in Lisbon in 1784 by the Brazil

This work collects information about laboratory tests to evaluate the properties of agro-industrial wastes used for thermal insulation building materials considering them individually and in composits. It focuses on bio-susceptibility, as one of the main aspects to consider for bio-based building products.

Innovation in structures and construction materials demands a more accurate performance analysis during the life cycle. In addition, climatic changes pose new challenges to civil infrastructures that were not so relevant in the past. In most cases, the traditional test methods cannot accurately assess the complex phenomena involved in durability. The modern and complex factors require a different approach to durability analysis. The purpose of this chapter is to present innovative durability tests on construction materials: wood; rammed earth, cob and unfired blocks; natural stone; bituminous binders and mixtures; and Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP) to concrete bonded connections. Most of these tests concern the accelerated simulation of the main phenomena involved in durability performance

Laboratory tests were carried out to define production parameters of innovative eco-efficient composites made up of hazelnut shells as aggregate and a sodium silicate solution as adhesive. The aim was to maximize the content of bio-aggregates and minimize the amount of adhesive, guaranteeing the feasibility of producing samples. Therefore, after preliminary testing, the percentages of hazelnut shells and the sodium silicate solution were kept constant: 70% and 30% of the total volume, respectively. However, the characteristics of the considered composites did not allow the production of uniform samples. The sodium silicate solution was not rapidly absorbed by the bio-aggregates; during the drying process, it was deposited on the bottom side of the samples. The uniformity of the samples is required to guarantee a correct evaluation of their performance and future homogeneous panels. Hence, different production parameters were investigated, such as drying at T

The durability of construction materials is a key concern and can be related to different actions such as weathering conditions outdoors enhanced by climatic change, chemical and biological attack, abrasion, and other conditions of service over time. Frequently, several actions develop simultaneously, making it difficult to reproduce in situ conditions in laboratory. Furthermore, testing to assess durability depends largely on the nature of the material itself or on the way it has been assembled with other materials. The ageing techniques to assess long-term durability performance of construction materials are based on accelerated durability tests, which include, for example, thermal stress, freeze

This paper presents an overview of research carried out to assess the bonding suitability of Portuguese timbers.Most work developed in the last decades has focused Maritime pine timber, due to its traditional use in building construction, good mechanical properties and availability. Untreated, as well as preservative treated Maritime pine have been studied, as its impregnability allows deep treatment suitable for applications in Use Classes 3 and 4.Recent results on bonding preservative treated Maritime pine wood are discussed.Preliminary results regarding other species that are becoming available in the Portuguese market are also presented, as an attempt to reduce pressure on Maritime pine timber as well as to seek more valuable alternatives for their traditional uses.

No presente trabalho apresentam-se os resultados mais relevantes obtidos num programa experimental desenvolvido no LNEC com o objetivo de caracterizar a aderência dos varões nervurados do tipo A500NR SD existentes no mercado, fundamentalmente para melhorar a modelação do comportamento dos elementos de betão armado de zonas críticas de estruturas inseridas em zonas sísmicas.O programa experimental desenvolvido pretende simular as condições de aderência existentes num varão horizontal de uma ligação viga-pilar e tem como principais variáveis varões de dois diâmetros frequentemente utilizados (16 e 25 mm), dois níveis diferentes de área relativa das nervuras (A e B) e duas classes de betão (C1 e C2), ambos representativos do betão utilizado nas construções mais relevantes.Os resultados obtidos quer nos ensaios monotónicos quer nos ensaios cíclicos apontam para um decréscimo da tensão de aderência com o aumento do diâmetro da ordem dos 10%. O aumento da área relativa das nervuras transversais traduz-se num incremento da tensão máxima de aderência da ordem dos 15%, com uma redução do deslizamento que ronda os 15%. Nesse sentido, este estudo propôs que, no caso dos varões com maior área relativa das nervuras, a tensão de aderência máxima possa variar entre 2,35 e 2,65 vezes a raiz quadrada da resistência do betão à compressão e que o patamar onde a tensão de aderência é máxima se situe entre 0,5 e 1,5 mm de deslizamento.Explorou-se também o fenómeno da entrada em cedência da armadura tendo-se concluído que, em provetes que pretendem simular as condições de aderência existentes num varão horizontal de uma ligação viga-pilar, a entrada em cedência da armadura conduz a uma redução da tensão de aderência máxima inferior a 10%, quer regime monotónico quer em regime cíclico.

O presente trabalho de investigação refere-se à conservação de elementos estruturais de madeira medianamente degradados por fungos em edifícios antigos. Propõe-se estudar a compatibilidade entre produtos de tratamento e de consolidação por impregnação, aplicados sequencialmente. A avaliação do processo foi realizada maioritariamente em laboratório e na óptica do desempenho mecânico conjunto da madeira e produtos aplicados, por intermédio de ensaios físico-mecânicos destrutivos e não destrutivos e também por ensaios mecânicos não destrutivos realizados in situ. Foram utilizados produtos comerciais, aplicando-os às espécies de madeira correntemente encontradas nos edifícios antigos da zona de Lisboa: Pinho bravo e Casquinha. Procedeu-se à avaliação mecânica de madeira nova e antiga, em estado são e degradado; ao desenvolvimento de um método de medição da profundidade de penetração de produtos de tratamento; à avaliação da capacidade consolidante de madeira degradada por produtos poliméricos fluidos e à avaliação da sua actuação conjunta, estudada com e sem envelhecimento artificial. Os resultados obtidos indicaram significativos aumentos de capacidade mecânica da madeira degradada, quando submetida a tratamento e consolidação Este trabalho desenvolve, assim, uma proposta de solução para a madeira que não se encontra sã, mas que ainda possui capacidade resistente, não necessitando, por isso, de ser removida. O processo de tratamento e consolidação promove resistência aos agentes biológicos e, simultaneamente, recuperação de alguma resistência mecânica da madeira, conferindo-lhe capacidade para continuar em serviço.

Subterranean termites from the genus Reticulitermes are an important pest ofwood in service throughout southern Europe and elsewhere. For effective termitecontrol with long term protection but minimal environmental damage, newintegrated approaches to termite management are needed. Baiting-based systemsseem to be promising non-traditional methods for termite control, targeting thecolony as a whole. However, control through baiting is only feasible when it isknown that the toxicant can be transferred to all the colonies foraging on theinfested area and also throughout each individual colony. Accordingly, the workdescribed is specifically designed to achieve a better understanding of thedistribution and delimitation of colonies within a population of Reticulitermes,with parallel insights into foraging behaviour and colony organization.Initially, the species/subspecies spectrum present within the notionalReticulitermes group in Portugal was reassessed. It was shown that Reticulitermesgrassei is the only species encountered. Foraging activity was then assessed in anexperimental woodland site over two successive annual cycles, both by thesampling of natural lying dead wood and by a standard baiting grid. R. grasseiseem to select wood with larger diameter, with an apparent preference for materialalready decayed by fungi. Both termite and fungal attack on wood seems to bepromoted by higher moisture levels, such as prevail in larger litter items andduring seasonal rains. Termites were unable to detect and direct their foragingtowards sound wood in laboratory conditions, suggesting that the network ofinfochemical signals is more complex than just volatiles emanating from soundwood. Mark-release-recapture (MRR) was used to delineate foraging groups,which were then allocated to their parent colonies by the use of microsatellitemarkers. The results suggest that resource sharing is a facultative behaviour,specifically when food is not a limiting factor for colony development. Theimplications of all these findings for bait technology and protocols are discussed,with reference to the local population ecology of Reticulitermes.

The project CircularBuild -

Relatório final do projeto PTDC/ECM/099121/2008

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de versão portuguesa da Norma Europeia EN 10002-2, e insere-se numa série de estudos programados pelo autor, enquanto coordenador da normalização nacional no domínio dos ensaios mecânicos, físicos e não-destrutivos de materiais metálicos.O texto do projecto de norma apresentado consiste na versão final de uma proposta redigida pelo autor, na sequência dos estudos efectuados ao nível da Comissão Técnica de Normalização competente.

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de versão portuguesa da Norma Europeia EN 10002-5, e insere-se numa série de estudos programados pelo autor, enquanto coordenador da normalização nacional no domínio dos ensaios mecânicos, físicos e não-destrutivos de materiais metálicos.O texto do projecto de revisão apresentado consiste na versão final de uma proposta redigida pelo autor, na sequência dos estudos efectuados ao nível da Comissão Técnica de Normalização competente.

O presente relatório descreve a participação do LNEC no programa europeu de intercomparação de calibrações de forças

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de revisão da Norma Portuguesa NP 850 (1985)

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de revisão da Norma Portuguesa NP 386 (1965)

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de revisão das Normas Portuguesas NP 449 (1966)

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de revisão da Norma Portuguesa NP 450 (1966)

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de Norma Portuguesa relativo ao ensaio de dilatação de anéis de tubos metálicos, e insere-se numa série de estudos programados pelo autor, enquanto coordenador da normalização nacional no domínio dos ensaios mecânicos, físicos e não-destrutivos de materiais metálicos, com a finalidade de preencher lacunas da Normalização Portuguesa neste domínio que a indústria e as instituições ligadas ao controlo da qualidade considerem ser mais urgente colmatar.O texto apresentado consiste na versão final de uma proposta redigida pelo autor, na sequência dos estudos efectuados ao nível da Comissão Técnica de Normalização competente.

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A