Publicações

Poplar wood is a light, soft, and fast-growing timber from a hardwood species, characteristics that make it suitable for several applications. This study focused on the mechanical characterization of Portuguese poplar species, namely white poplar (Populus Alba) and black poplar (P. nigra), aiming for its structural use. Therefore, a sample of lamellae was assessed to determine its density and dynamic modulus of elasticity, using a non-destructive device, based on longitudinal vibrations. Clear wood specimens were obtained from a set of lamellae to perform tension and compression parallel-to-grain tests. These tests were used to determine the moduli of elasticity in tension and compression and the tensile and compressive strengths and strains. Also, typical stress-strain curves were identified for the sample studied. The results stressed the potential for structural applications of Portuguese poplar.

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Four types of sandwich panels with multilayered designs were produced using wood veneer of Aleppo pine as face and inner sheets, and cork agglomerate as core,intended for use in construction as panelling or partition walls in interior applications. These multilayered sandwich panels were characterized regarding static hardnessand dimensional stability when facing changes in relative humidity and when subjected to a deformation. The panels showed a considerable increase in dimensional stability and shear strength with the increase of the number oflayers. The results suggest that the correct design choice, for example number of inner wood sheets and thickness of cork core layers, allows these sandwich panels to be used as non-structural construction elements such as partition walls.

Changes in flagellate protist communities of subterranean termite Reticulitermes gras-sei across different locations were evaluated following four predictions: (i) Rural endemic (Portugal mainland) termite populations will exhibit high diversity of symbionts; (ii) invasive urban populations (Horta city, Faial island, Azores), on the contrary, will exhibit lower diversity of symbionts, showing high similarity of symbiont assemblages through environmental filtering; (iii) recent historical colonization of isolated regions

This paper describes the use of non-destructive methods to assess the mechanical properties of structural glued laminated timber made from poplar. The longitudinal vibration method and transformed section method were considered. Full-scale tests were also performed to determine the most relevant mechanical properties of 18 beams, namely modulus of elasticity and bending strength. In addition, the bonding performance of each beam was checked by delamination and shear strength tests. Detailed analysis of the results was performed and combined with Levene's and Tukey's tests. The accuracy of the two non-destructive test methods was evaluated by linear regression analysis. The transformed section method showed stronger correlations with modulus of elasticity and shear strength. Slightly lower values were presented by the longitudinal vibration method. A strength class of GL24c can be assigned for glued laminated poplar made with timber with lower properties at the inner lamellas.

Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) wood samples were subjected to a combined treatment by densification and heat treatment. Samples were densified before and after heat treatment. The heat treatment was made inside an oven at 190ºC during 2 to 6 h and wood densification was made in a hot press at around 48 bar pressure and temperatures between 160ºC and 200ºC for 30 min. Compression-set, compression-set recovery after three cycles of water soaking followed by oven drying, density, hardness, bending strength and stiffness and durability against subterranean termites were determined after the treatment. Results show that densification increases density, hardness, bending strength, stiffness and durability against termites. Heat treatment applied after the densification is more effective in reducing compression-set recovery than if applied before.

The ability of subterranean termites to digest lignocellulose relies not onlyon their digestive tract physiology, but also on the symbiotic relationshipsestablished with flagellate protists and bacteria. The objective of this workwas to test the possible effect of different cellulose-based diets on the communitystructure (species richness and other diversity metrics) of the flagellateprotists of the subterranean termite Reticulitermes grassei. Termitesbelonging to the same colony were subjected to six different diets (naturaldiet, maritime pine wood, European beech, thermally modified Europeanbeech, cellulose powder and starvation), and their flagellate protist communitywas evaluated after the trials.All non-treated sound woods produced similar flagellate protist communitiesthat were more diverse and of high evenness (low dominance).On the contrary, flagellate protist communities from cellulose-fed termitesand starving termites were considered to be significantly different from allnon-treated woods; they were less diverse and some morphotypes becamedominant as a consequence of flagellate protist communities having sufferedmajor adaptations to these diets. The flagellate protist communitiesof untreated beech and thermally modified beech-fed termites were consideredto be significantly different in terms of abundance and morphotypediversity. This may be caused by a decrease in lignocellulose qualityavailable for termites and from an interference of thermally treated woodwith the chemical stability of the termite hindgut.Our study suggests that as a consequence of the strong division oflabour among these protists to accomplish the intricate process of lignocellulosedigestion, termite symbiotic flagellate protist communities are adynamic assemblage able to adapt to different conditions and diets. Thisstudy is important for the community-level alteration approach, and it isthe first study to investigate the effects of thermally modified wood on theflagellate protist communities of subterranean termites.

Serviceability limit states (related to deformation) rather than ultimate limit states (related to collapse)are often the reason for the need to assess existing timber structures. Prediction of timber members

Monitoring and evaluation of glued laminated timber structures in service is essential to warrant its integrity, where non-destructive techniques play an important role. This paper describes the results obtained on glued laminated timber beams of maritime pine, with and without preservative treatment, and of spruce, exposed to naturaloutdoor environment as well as to artificial weathering. The assessment of glue lines

This paper presents work carried out with the aim of characterizing the mechanical behavior and developing visual and machine strength grading systems for Portuguese maritime pine roundwood for structural applications. Two samples of forty maritime pine logs each were collected, one in a northern region of Portugal and another in an interior central region. After drying, the logs were visually graded andsubjected to nondestructive tests, using vibration and ultrasounds, for determination of dynamic modulus of elasticity. The logs were then subjected to destructive tests for determining bending and compression strength and bending modulus of elasticity. These results were analyzed in order to identify the features to be considered in the strength grading process. From this analysis, a proposal was developed tovisually grade Portuguese maritime pine roundwood in two strength grades. According to the European strength class standard for solid timber, the upper grade has similar mechanical properties to the C50 class, whereas the lower grade is similar to the C35. The machine grading showed good potential as a result of the good correlation presented between the dynamic modulus of elasticity and the mechanical properties. However, the ultrasounds showed slightly better correlation than the vibration method, whereas the last one is more practical.

As ligações com ligadores do tipo cavilha sujeitos ao corte são estruturalmente eficientes e vulgarmente utilizadas em estruturas de madeira. À temperatura normal o comportamento das ligações condiciona fortemente o desempenho das estruturas que integram e em cenário de incêndio a sua importância é ainda maior, devido à redução das secções de madeira para colocação dos elementos metálicos, que por sua vez promovem a condução de calor para o interior dos elementos de madeira.O objectivo desta comunicação é apresentar o actual método de cálculo da resistência ao fogo adoptado na Europa, segundo a EN 1995-1-2, de ligações em madeira com ligadores do tipo cavilha ao corte

Foi realizado um programa experimental tendo em vista avaliar o desempenho da madeiralamelada colada (glulam) de pinho bravo tratado com um produto preservador de azóis de cobre.A resistência das juntas coladas cumpriu os requisitos da norma EN 386 (2001) sem influência da pressão de aperto e da temperatura de cura. Segundo a mesma norma, a delaminação foi satisfatória para as temperaturas de cura mais elevadas aplicadas com uma pressão de aperto de 0,6 N/mm2. As ligações de entalhes múltiplos fabricadas com madeira tratada apresentaram resistência satisfatória à flexão. O tratamento preservador não influenciou o módulo deelasticidade das vigas. Segundo uma simulação de Monte Carlo realizada e de acordo com os requisitos da norma NP EN 1194 (2002), é possível fabricar madeira lamelada colada da classe GL 28c se for usada madeira de Pinho bravo classificada visualmente nas classes E e EE (NP 4305, 1995) nas lamelas interiores e extremas, respectivamente, e da classe GL 24h quando forem usadas ambas as classes em proporções iguais aleatoriamente distribuídas pelo elemento estrutural. A study was conducted to evaluate the performance of glued laminated timber (glulam) of maritime pine treated with a copper azole preservative product. Shear strength of glue lines met the requirements of EN 386 (2001) with no influence of clamping pressure and cure temperature.According to the same standard, delamination was satisfactory for higher cure temperaturesapplied with a clamping pressure of 0,6 N/mm2. Finger joints made with treated wood presented satisfactory bending strength. The preservative treatment did not influence the modulus of elasticity of the beams. According to a Monte Carlo simulation and following the requirements of EN 1194(2002), glulam of class GL 28c can be manufactured if visually graded maritime pine of classes E and EE (NP 4305, 1995) is used in the inner and outer lamellas, respectively, and class GL 24h when using both grades in equal proportions randomly distributed through the glulam element.

A utilização e comercialização de lamelados colados têm tido um aumento significativo na última década em Portugal. No entanto a produção de lamelados, devido a condicionalismos de fabrico, é sustentada na utilização de madeiras de Resinosas que apresentam em geral uma baixa durabilidade natural.De forma a potenciar a utilização de lamelados colados em situações de classe de risco 3 ou 4, foi levado a cabo um estudo com o objectivo de avaliar a possibilidade de tratamento de lamelados colados com creosote.Esta possibilidade foi estudada através da impregnação com creosote de três tipos de lamelados (diferenciados quanto à espécie de madeira e cola utilizada), sendo avaliado o efeito do tratamento na qualidade da colagem (delaminação e resistência da junta colada). Foi igualmente efectuada uma avaliação preliminar da eficácia do tratamento atendendo à constituição do lamelado colado.Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir da possibilidade de realização do tratamento, sendo, no entanto, crucial um controlo apertado da qualidade de fabrico de forma a garantir a qualidade pretendida das juntas coladas e a durabilidade biológica dos lamelados. The use of glued laminated timber, have shown a significant increase in the last decade in Portugal. However glulam production due to manufacture constraints is sustained in the use of softwoods that generally show a low natural durability.In order to evaluate the behavior of glued laminated wood intended for use in exterior conditions (hazard classes 3 or 4), a study was carried out to evaluate the possibility of treatment with creosote, at an industrial scale.The study included several solutions of glued laminated timber intended for exterior conditions.The solutions differ in relation to the wood species and type of glue used in their manufacture.The results obtained allow concluding that the use of glued laminated timber is technically feasible, even though a close control of the manufacturing quality is necessary to ensure the desired quality and durability of the laminated timber.

Comparam-se as duas normas portuguesas sobre execução das estruturas de betão

Apresenta-se o trabalho experimental desenvolvido com a finalidade de conhecer a capacidade mecânica em flexão de provetes de 340 x 20 x 20 mm de madeira de pinho bravo(Pinus pinaster, Ait.) degradados por fungos de podridão, submetidos a tratamento por umproduto biocida e a consolidação por um consolidante polimérico de baixa viscosidade.

A caracterização do perfil nervurado das armaduras utilizadas é, actualmente, a maneira mais simples de medir o desempenho das armaduras em termos de aderência, nomeadamente através da definição da área relativa das nervuras transversais (fR). Por outro lado, é sabido que é fundamental conhecer as condições de aderência para quantificar de forma correcta o deslizamento que efectivamente ocorre na interface entre o betão e a armadura.Este fenómeno reveste-se de especial interesse nas zonas de ligação viga-pilar sujeitas à acção sísmica, uma vez que existe um acréscimo de rotação que está associado ao deslizamento que ocorre entre as armaduras que atravessam a ligação e o betão envolvente. Neste contexto considera-se fundamental descrever o fenómeno da perda de aderência com a maior exactidão possível, para que seja possível obter estimativas realistas do comportamento das estruturas. Este tipo de abordagem enquadra-se no chamado Performance-Base Earthquake Engineering (PBEE), uma vez que nas filosofias mais recentes relativas ao dimensionamento sísmico de estruturas, se admite que se devem considerar explicitamente múltiplos objectivos de desempenho para as estruturas sendo necessário um conhecimento muito mais detalhado dos fenómenos e das características dos materiais.Na presente comunicação apresenta-se a análise estatística das características geométricas do perfil nervurado dos varões do tipo A500NR SD, realizada com base nos resultados dos ensaios de medições de nervuras executados pelo Laboratório de Ensaios de Produtos Metálicos do LNEC. A análise é feita em função das diversas grandezas que permitem quantificar a área relativa das nervuras transversais e dos diâmetros ensaiados, sendo também feita uma comparação sistemática com os valores de referência.

ABSTRACT: This paper describes the results obtained on glued laminated timber beams of maritime pine, with andwithout preservative treatment, exposed to natural outdoor environment as well as to artificial weathering. Theassessment of glue lines

When timber elements in heritage buildings are moderately degraded by fungi and assuming underlying moisture problems are solved, two actions can be taken: i) use a biocid product to stop fungi activity ii) consolidate the degraded elements so that the timber keeps on fulfilling its structural and decorative functions. This paper presents the laboratory work performed with the purpose of understanding the mechanical performance of maritime pine timber degraded by fungi when subjected to a treatment with a biocid product followed by consolidation with an impregnationproduct. Three commercially available pre-selected products were used: a boron water-based biocide, an acrylic consolidation and an epoxy based consolidant. Treated and consolidated specimens were subjected to mechanical tests: axial compression test and surface hardness. Similar sets of replicates were subjected to an evaporation aging test after the products were applied and equally tested. An increase in mechanical strength was observed for both consolidants with no significant influence of the previous use of biocode product. The specimens subjected to aging showed a slightly better general mechanical performance than those not aged.

The present paper concerns the theme of maintenance/rehabilitation of timber structural elements in heritage buildings that have been degraded by rot fungi. This type of degradation usually results fromthe unwanted but continuous presence of water in timber elements, very frequently permeating through damaged roofs and facades. In the past, it was common practice to replace degraded timber with new elements of the same or similar material. However, the option of maintaining in the buildingthe original timber (even though deteriorated) has gained considerable importance in recent years.Therefore, a research programme on the consolidation of timber through impregnation of polymericproducts is under development, looking for ways to regain the former original physical andmechanical conditions. This technique has been largely used in restoration of works of art but verylittle in civil engineering. The laboratorial work, developed using degraded maritime pine specimens, is presented. The test-specimens were either prepared in the laboratory, at different decay levels by varying the exposure time to brown-rot fungi. Six commercial low-viscosity products, specific for the impregnation of timber deteriorated by rot fungi, were tested: four epoxy-based (R, E, Lw, Li) and two acrylics (PB72, B98). The efficiency of these products was assessed through compression testsparallel to the grain and hardness tests, involving both impregnated and non impregnated wood. The relationships between the level of degradation of the timber (mass loss), the penetration capacity ofthe polymer and the consolidation efficiency on test-specimens are presented and discussed. Test results indicate a reasonably good strengthening effect of some of the products tested, the best valuebeing a 39% increase in compressive strength and 91% increase in surface hardness by comparison with timber under the same circumstances but not consolidated.

Wood preservation has become increasingly important in the last years due to the scarcity of high quality wood since wood preservation can enhance wood life time, and improve some of its properties. However the use of toxic chemicals has been a major concern. Wood modification is an ecological way to improve mainly dimensional stability and durability of wood without harmful chemicals. Several wood modification processes have emerged in the last few years, the most important being thermal, chemical, surface and im¬pregnation modification. Furfurylation is considered the most important impregnation process with promis¬ing perspectives, since furfuryl alcohol can be obtained from secondary products of bioethanol production, and its price shows a tendency to lower in a near future.Sapwood pine boards [Pinus pinaster Aiton) were treated with a furfuryl alcohol mixture [FA 70 mix] at Kebony [Norway). The treatment was carried out in an autoclave with a vacuum and pressure stage and subsequently cured and dried in a vacuum drying kiln. Equilibrium moisture content, radial, tangential and volumetric dimensional stability measured as anti-shrinking efficiency between 35% and 85% relative hu¬midity [ASE35-85], and durability to brown rot [Postia placenta] and wet rot fungus [Coniophora puteana] were determined.Equilibrium moisture content [EMC] of furfurylated pinewood decreased from 9% to 5% [at 35% relative hu¬midity] and from 17% to 9% [at 85%], corresponding respectively to 43% and 48% improvement in relation to untreated wood. Dimensional stability improved for furfurylated wood with radial, tangential and volumetric ASE35-85 of 26.1 %,46.7% and 46.4%, respectively. Mass loss due to wood decay decreased from 29.2% to 1.1 % for brown rot [Postia placenta] and from 5.7 % to 0.8% for wet rot [Coniophora puteana).

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O Museu da Academia das Ciências de Lisboa possui uma preciosa xiloteca assinada pelo Mestre dos marceneiros portugueses, José Aniceto Rapozo contendo 1213 amostras de madeiras do Brasil e 12 de outras origens. A sua importância no progresso do conhecimento dos recursos florestais do Brasil naviragem dos séculos dezoito e dezanove conduziu ao estudo em curso. Dada a devastação verificada em vastas áreas florestais brasileiras, surgem dificuldades por certas espécies poderem ter distribuiçãogeográfica diferente (com eventual extinção, geral ou localizada), por insuficiência do material de comparação, e por ambiguidade das designações comerciais.Foi possível identificar esta xiloteca como uma de quatro encomendadas a Aniceto Rapozo pelo Príncipe Regente. A análise das amostras de madeira e a informação documental mostram que a colecçãotem por base uma remessa de 5008 amostras de madeiras do Brasil enviada em 1784 para o Arsenal Real do Exército, em Lisboa, pelo Vice-Rei do Brasil, Luís de Vasconcellos e Souza.O valor científico do conjunto é evidenciado pela identificação botânica das espéciesrepresentadas. Na situação actual, a identificação das espécies florestais representadas na amostragem foiinteiramente conseguida em 14% dos casos, conseguida mas ainda por confirmar em 27%. Dado o carácter preliminar deste estudo, os seus resultados serão ulteriormente publicados com mais pormenor. Among the Lisbon Academy of Sciences Museum collection there is a valuable xylarium by theleading Portuguese master cabinet-maker José Aniceto Rapozo (1756-1824), comprising 1213 wood samples from Brazil plus 12 from elsewhere. This collection is most important since it allows us to improve the knowledge on Brazilian forest resources by the end of the eighteenth century and thebeginning of the next. This study aims to establish its historical framework and scientific value. Owing tooverexploitation and even devastation of very large forest areas in Brazil, difficulties for our study aroseeither as some species may have now a different geographical distribution (and eventually may have underwent local or general extinction), by lack of adequate comparison material, or because of ambiguityof the commercial names.Results so far obtained allowed us to recognize the xylarium as one of the four commanded Rapozo by the Regent Prince, later King João VI (1767-1826). Taking into account the wood samples analyses as well as bibliographic data it is possible to conclude that the collection was prepared from a set 3 of 5008 Brazilian wood samples sent to the Royal Arsenal in Lisbon in 1784 by the Brazil

This work collects information about laboratory tests to evaluate the properties of agro-industrial wastes used for thermal insulation building materials considering them individually and in composits. It focuses on bio-susceptibility, as one of the main aspects to consider for bio-based building products.

Innovation in structures and construction materials demands a more accurate performance analysis during the life cycle. In addition, climatic changes pose new challenges to civil infrastructures that were not so relevant in the past. In most cases, the traditional test methods cannot accurately assess the complex phenomena involved in durability. The modern and complex factors require a different approach to durability analysis. The purpose of this chapter is to present innovative durability tests on construction materials: wood; rammed earth, cob and unfired blocks; natural stone; bituminous binders and mixtures; and Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP) to concrete bonded connections. Most of these tests concern the accelerated simulation of the main phenomena involved in durability performance

Laboratory tests were carried out to define production parameters of innovative eco-efficient composites made up of hazelnut shells as aggregate and a sodium silicate solution as adhesive. The aim was to maximize the content of bio-aggregates and minimize the amount of adhesive, guaranteeing the feasibility of producing samples. Therefore, after preliminary testing, the percentages of hazelnut shells and the sodium silicate solution were kept constant: 70% and 30% of the total volume, respectively. However, the characteristics of the considered composites did not allow the production of uniform samples. The sodium silicate solution was not rapidly absorbed by the bio-aggregates; during the drying process, it was deposited on the bottom side of the samples. The uniformity of the samples is required to guarantee a correct evaluation of their performance and future homogeneous panels. Hence, different production parameters were investigated, such as drying at T

The durability of construction materials is a key concern and can be related to different actions such as weathering conditions outdoors enhanced by climatic change, chemical and biological attack, abrasion, and other conditions of service over time. Frequently, several actions develop simultaneously, making it difficult to reproduce in situ conditions in laboratory. Furthermore, testing to assess durability depends largely on the nature of the material itself or on the way it has been assembled with other materials. The ageing techniques to assess long-term durability performance of construction materials are based on accelerated durability tests, which include, for example, thermal stress, freeze

This paper presents an overview of research carried out to assess the bonding suitability of Portuguese timbers.Most work developed in the last decades has focused Maritime pine timber, due to its traditional use in building construction, good mechanical properties and availability. Untreated, as well as preservative treated Maritime pine have been studied, as its impregnability allows deep treatment suitable for applications in Use Classes 3 and 4.Recent results on bonding preservative treated Maritime pine wood are discussed.Preliminary results regarding other species that are becoming available in the Portuguese market are also presented, as an attempt to reduce pressure on Maritime pine timber as well as to seek more valuable alternatives for their traditional uses.

No presente trabalho apresentam-se os resultados mais relevantes obtidos num programa experimental desenvolvido no LNEC com o objetivo de caracterizar a aderência dos varões nervurados do tipo A500NR SD existentes no mercado, fundamentalmente para melhorar a modelação do comportamento dos elementos de betão armado de zonas críticas de estruturas inseridas em zonas sísmicas.O programa experimental desenvolvido pretende simular as condições de aderência existentes num varão horizontal de uma ligação viga-pilar e tem como principais variáveis varões de dois diâmetros frequentemente utilizados (16 e 25 mm), dois níveis diferentes de área relativa das nervuras (A e B) e duas classes de betão (C1 e C2), ambos representativos do betão utilizado nas construções mais relevantes.Os resultados obtidos quer nos ensaios monotónicos quer nos ensaios cíclicos apontam para um decréscimo da tensão de aderência com o aumento do diâmetro da ordem dos 10%. O aumento da área relativa das nervuras transversais traduz-se num incremento da tensão máxima de aderência da ordem dos 15%, com uma redução do deslizamento que ronda os 15%. Nesse sentido, este estudo propôs que, no caso dos varões com maior área relativa das nervuras, a tensão de aderência máxima possa variar entre 2,35 e 2,65 vezes a raiz quadrada da resistência do betão à compressão e que o patamar onde a tensão de aderência é máxima se situe entre 0,5 e 1,5 mm de deslizamento.Explorou-se também o fenómeno da entrada em cedência da armadura tendo-se concluído que, em provetes que pretendem simular as condições de aderência existentes num varão horizontal de uma ligação viga-pilar, a entrada em cedência da armadura conduz a uma redução da tensão de aderência máxima inferior a 10%, quer regime monotónico quer em regime cíclico.

O presente trabalho de investigação refere-se à conservação de elementos estruturais de madeira medianamente degradados por fungos em edifícios antigos. Propõe-se estudar a compatibilidade entre produtos de tratamento e de consolidação por impregnação, aplicados sequencialmente. A avaliação do processo foi realizada maioritariamente em laboratório e na óptica do desempenho mecânico conjunto da madeira e produtos aplicados, por intermédio de ensaios físico-mecânicos destrutivos e não destrutivos e também por ensaios mecânicos não destrutivos realizados in situ. Foram utilizados produtos comerciais, aplicando-os às espécies de madeira correntemente encontradas nos edifícios antigos da zona de Lisboa: Pinho bravo e Casquinha. Procedeu-se à avaliação mecânica de madeira nova e antiga, em estado são e degradado; ao desenvolvimento de um método de medição da profundidade de penetração de produtos de tratamento; à avaliação da capacidade consolidante de madeira degradada por produtos poliméricos fluidos e à avaliação da sua actuação conjunta, estudada com e sem envelhecimento artificial. Os resultados obtidos indicaram significativos aumentos de capacidade mecânica da madeira degradada, quando submetida a tratamento e consolidação Este trabalho desenvolve, assim, uma proposta de solução para a madeira que não se encontra sã, mas que ainda possui capacidade resistente, não necessitando, por isso, de ser removida. O processo de tratamento e consolidação promove resistência aos agentes biológicos e, simultaneamente, recuperação de alguma resistência mecânica da madeira, conferindo-lhe capacidade para continuar em serviço.

Subterranean termites from the genus Reticulitermes are an important pest ofwood in service throughout southern Europe and elsewhere. For effective termitecontrol with long term protection but minimal environmental damage, newintegrated approaches to termite management are needed. Baiting-based systemsseem to be promising non-traditional methods for termite control, targeting thecolony as a whole. However, control through baiting is only feasible when it isknown that the toxicant can be transferred to all the colonies foraging on theinfested area and also throughout each individual colony. Accordingly, the workdescribed is specifically designed to achieve a better understanding of thedistribution and delimitation of colonies within a population of Reticulitermes,with parallel insights into foraging behaviour and colony organization.Initially, the species/subspecies spectrum present within the notionalReticulitermes group in Portugal was reassessed. It was shown that Reticulitermesgrassei is the only species encountered. Foraging activity was then assessed in anexperimental woodland site over two successive annual cycles, both by thesampling of natural lying dead wood and by a standard baiting grid. R. grasseiseem to select wood with larger diameter, with an apparent preference for materialalready decayed by fungi. Both termite and fungal attack on wood seems to bepromoted by higher moisture levels, such as prevail in larger litter items andduring seasonal rains. Termites were unable to detect and direct their foragingtowards sound wood in laboratory conditions, suggesting that the network ofinfochemical signals is more complex than just volatiles emanating from soundwood. Mark-release-recapture (MRR) was used to delineate foraging groups,which were then allocated to their parent colonies by the use of microsatellitemarkers. The results suggest that resource sharing is a facultative behaviour,specifically when food is not a limiting factor for colony development. Theimplications of all these findings for bait technology and protocols are discussed,with reference to the local population ecology of Reticulitermes.

The project CircularBuild -

Relatório final do projeto PTDC/ECM/099121/2008

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de versão portuguesa da Norma Europeia EN 10002-2, e insere-se numa série de estudos programados pelo autor, enquanto coordenador da normalização nacional no domínio dos ensaios mecânicos, físicos e não-destrutivos de materiais metálicos.O texto do projecto de norma apresentado consiste na versão final de uma proposta redigida pelo autor, na sequência dos estudos efectuados ao nível da Comissão Técnica de Normalização competente.

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de versão portuguesa da Norma Europeia EN 10002-5, e insere-se numa série de estudos programados pelo autor, enquanto coordenador da normalização nacional no domínio dos ensaios mecânicos, físicos e não-destrutivos de materiais metálicos.O texto do projecto de revisão apresentado consiste na versão final de uma proposta redigida pelo autor, na sequência dos estudos efectuados ao nível da Comissão Técnica de Normalização competente.

O presente relatório descreve a participação do LNEC no programa europeu de intercomparação de calibrações de forças

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de revisão da Norma Portuguesa NP 850 (1985)

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de revisão da Norma Portuguesa NP 386 (1965)

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de revisão das Normas Portuguesas NP 449 (1966)

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de revisão da Norma Portuguesa NP 450 (1966)

O presente trabalho apresenta um projecto de Norma Portuguesa relativo ao ensaio de dilatação de anéis de tubos metálicos, e insere-se numa série de estudos programados pelo autor, enquanto coordenador da normalização nacional no domínio dos ensaios mecânicos, físicos e não-destrutivos de materiais metálicos, com a finalidade de preencher lacunas da Normalização Portuguesa neste domínio que a indústria e as instituições ligadas ao controlo da qualidade considerem ser mais urgente colmatar.O texto apresentado consiste na versão final de uma proposta redigida pelo autor, na sequência dos estudos efectuados ao nível da Comissão Técnica de Normalização competente.

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