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Probabilistic model for the representation of the reservoir water level of concrete dams during normal operation periods
The dam's reservoir water level varies over the year according to the water inflow and outflow, as a function of environmental events but also of dam exploitation management policy and human decisions.In the Portuguese dam safety regulation, the normal water level (NWL) is considered as the optimum exploitation level. However, as proved by the continuous monitoring over the lifetime of a set of dams, the NWL is occasionally exceeded for non-negligible time periods.The reservoir water level, to which the water pressure on the upstream face is related, is a fundamental parameter for the safety and reliability analysis of concrete dams. When water-induced actions are considering the leading loads, only the maximum reservoir water level, usually associated with a high-return-period flood, is relevant. However, for other combinations, in particular, earthquake scenarios, the consideration of the variability of the water level over time is crucial.In reliability analysis of concrete dams, the reservoir water level has been considered either as a deterministic variable, once the loading scenario analysed assume water-induced actions as leading loads, or as a random variable defined using hydrological site information of a specific study case.This work proposes a probabilistic model of the reservoir water level of any new dam based only on its geometrical properties, which provides a low-cost alternative to in-depth hydrological analysis. The proposed model can beuseful in two stages of the lifecycle of dams: (i) initial design and feasibility stages, and (ii) routine safety assessment of existing structures, as in both stages the costs of a complete hydrological analysis is too high for the level of detail required.For that, the recorded reservoir water level of 27 Portuguese large concrete dams is used. A normalized sinusoidal model, with annual period, is adjusted to the reservoir water level annual history of those dams by beta regression.Generally, a good agreement between observations and the proposed model, for most of the annual adjustments, was achieved. The distribution parameters of the random variables were estimated throughthe maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method. The physical, model and statistical uncertainties were quantified and can now be included in a reliability analysis procedure.
Ano: 2018
Número Páginas:
12p.
Autor(es): Pereira, R.; Batista, A. L.; Neves, L.
Revista: Water Resources Management
Editor: Springer
Volume:
32.
Keywords: Reliability analysis; Concrete dams; Uncertainty modelling; Monitoring; Reservoir water level
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Probabilistic Model for the Representation of the ReservoirWater Level of Concrete Dams During Normal Operation Periods
The dam
Ano: 2018
Autor(es): Pereira, R.; Batista, A. L.; Neves, L.
Revista: Water Resources Management
Editor: Springer
Volume:
32p..
Keywords: Reliability analysis; Uncertainty modelling; Monitoring; Reservoir water level; Concrete dams
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Projecto Bingo: O Impacto das alterações climáticas na componente subterrânea do ciclo hidrológico
As alterações climáticas causam impactos no ciclo hidrológico e nas disponibilidades hídricas, criandodesafios adicionais à gestão integrada e sustentada dos recursos hídricos, nas suas componentes de qualidade,quantidade e suporte dos ecossistemas. As águas subterrâneas sofrem impactos directos das alterações climáticas (viaalterações da recarga), ou indirectos (ex.: alterações na recarga vinda dos rios), os quais se conjugam com os devidos àsevoluções demográficas, sociais, de uso e ocupação do solo e adaptação no sector da agricultura devido a alteraçõesdos ciclos de vida das culturas e pragas, pragas emergentes ou adopção de novas culturas, com consequente alteraçãode extracções de águas subterrâneas. Os estudos de alterações climáticas normalmente abarcam um horizonte de50 a 100 anos, o que dificulta as opções dos decisores, que costumam basear as suas políticas em projecções decurto prazo. O projecto BINGO tenta ultrapassar esta lacuna, fornecendo informação sobre impactos das alteraçõesclimáticas no ciclo hidrológico, incluindo os de eventos extremos, para um período de curto-médio prazo (ano 2024).A análise dos impactos das alterações climáticas sobre as águas subterrâneas recorre a um modelo 3D (FEFLOW) dosaquíferos Aluviões do Tejo, Tejo-Margem Direita e Tejo-Sado/Margem Esquerda, com recargas calculadas com modelode balanço hídrico sequencial diário a nível do solo (BALSEQ_MOD) a partir dos resultados de 10 realizações climáticasdo modelo climático regional MiKlip. Os resultados do MiKlip sugerem cenários de recarga superior e inferior à actual;o ensemble das 10 realizações indica recarga similar à actual. As alterações da recarga sobre a piezometria do aquíferosão moderadas, com subidas de 2 a 5 m no cenário de recarga máxima, e descidas de 2 a 10 m no de recarga mínima,e praticamente sem alteração no cenário ensemble das 10 realizações. Analisou-se também o impacto das secascom cenários de duração destas de 3 e 5 anos, considerando as condições do ano muito seco de 2005. Em média,os níveis descem 1 a 2 m no cenário de 3 anos e 2 a 3 m no cenário de 5 anos. Considerando que para o curto prazo,os modelos não mostram mudanças significativas face à actualidade, conclui-se que para acautelar o futuro a longoprazo é necessária uma mudança de paradigma dos decisores, que deverão passar a basear as suas políticas nãoapenas em previsões de curto prazo, mas sobretudo nas de longo prazo, começando a estabelecer políticas agora,que minorem as consequências das alterações climáticas em 2050 e 2100. Ou seja, agir agora para obter resultadosdaqui a 3 gerações.
Ano: 2018
Número Páginas:
16p.
Autor(es): Novo, M. E.; Oliveira, M. M.; Martins, T.; Henriques, M. J. A.
Revista: Recursos Hídricos
Editor: APRH
Volume:
Vol. 39, Nº 2.
Keywords: Modelação numérica; Sistemas aquíferos do Tejo; BALSEQ_ MOD; FEFLOW; Eventos extremos; Águas subterrâneas; Alterações da recarga; Alterações climáticas
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Properties of multilayered sandwich panels with an agglomerated cork core for interior applications in buildings
Four types of sandwich panels with multilayered designs were produced using wood veneer of Aleppo pine as face and inner sheets, and cork agglomerate as core,intended for use in construction as panelling or partition walls in interior applications. These multilayered sandwich panels were characterized regarding static hardnessand dimensional stability when facing changes in relative humidity and when subjected to a deformation. The panels showed a considerable increase in dimensional stability and shear strength with the increase of the number oflayers. The results suggest that the correct design choice, for example number of inner wood sheets and thickness of cork core layers, allows these sandwich panels to be used as non-structural construction elements such as partition walls.
Ano: 2018
Número Páginas:
143-153pp..
Autor(es): Lakreb, N.; Knapic, S.; Saporiti Machado, J.; Bezzazi, B.; Pereira, H.
Revista: European Journal of Wood Products
Editor: Springer
Volume:
76.
Keywords: Strenght; Dimensional stability; Sandwich panels; Cork
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Railway track condition assessment at network level by frequency domain analysis of GPR Data
The railway track system is a crucial infrastructure for the transportation of people and goods in modern societies. With the increase in railway traffic, the availability of the track for monitoring and maintenance purposes is becoming significantly reduced. Therefore, continuous non-destructive monitoring tools for track diagnoses take on even greater importance. In this context, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) technique results yield valuable information on track condition, mainly in the identification of the degradation of its physical and mechanical characteristics caused by subsurface malfunctions. Nevertheless, the application of GPR to assess the ballast condition is a challenging task because the material electromagnetic properties are sensitive to both the ballast grading and water content. This work presents a novel approach, fast and practical for surveying and analysing long sections of transport infrastructure, based mainly on expedite frequency domain analysis of the GPR signal. Examples are presented with the identification of track events, ballast interventions and potential locations of malfunctions. The approach, developed to identify changes in the track infrastructure, allows for a user-friendly visualisation of the track condition, even for GPR non-professionals such as railways engineers, and may further be used to correlate with track geometric parameters. It aims to automatically detect sudden variations in the GPR signals, obtained with successive surveys over long stretches of railway lines, thus providing valuable information in asset management activities of infrastructure managers.
Ano: 2018
Número Páginas:
26p.
Autor(es): Fontul, S.; Paixão, A.
Revista: Remote Sensing
Editor: MDPI AG
Volume:
10(4), 559.
Keywords: Network level evaluation; Spectral domain; Railway events; Track geometry; Signal frequency analysis; Railways; Ground Penetrating Radar
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Resilience to cope with climate change in urban areas
The RESCCUE Project is an H2020 research project that aims to help cities around the world to become more resilient to physical, social, and economic challenges, using the water sector as the central point of the approach. RESCCUE will generate models and tools to bring this objective to practice, while delivering a framework enabling city resilience assessment, planning and management. This will be achieved by integrating software tools, methods, and new knowledge related to the detailed urban services performance into novel and promising loosely coupled models (integrated models), multi-risk assessment method, and a comprehensive resilience platform. These tools will allow urban resilience assessment from a multisectorial approach, for current and future climate change scenarios, including multiple hazards and cascading effects. The RESCCUE approach will be implemented in three EU cities (Barcelona, Bristol, and Lisbon) and, with the support of UN-Habitat, disseminate their results among other cities belonging to major international networks. The aim of this paper is to present the main goals of this project, as well as the approach followed and the main expected results after the four years of implementation, so other cities around the world can use the RESCCUE approach to increase their resilience
Ano: 2018
Número Páginas:
11p.
Autor(es): Velasco, M.; Russo, B.; Martinez, J.; Malgrat, P.; Monjo, R.; Djordjevic, S.; Fontanals, I; Vela, S.; Cardoso, M. A.; Buskute, A.
Revista: Water
Editor: MDPI AG
Volume:
10(10).
Keywords: Disaster risk management; Adaptation; Water cycle; Urban services; Climate change; Urban resilience
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Risk assessment of coastal flood in a site of special scientific interest
The Canary Islands have a long coastline with varying levels of exposure to severe sea conditions. Frequent states of alert and emergency in some parts of their coastline are commonly related to the occurrence of extreme wave conditions. Among the phenomena directly driven by the waves when reaching the shore are the wave run-up and overtopping. Both the study of the flood level, including its variability, and the associated risks are key tools in the planning and management of coastal zones. The aim of this research is to examine the probability of occurrence of run-up events capable of exceeding different topographical levels, for estimating the risk level associated with flooding of the different areas in which the Boca Barranco Beach can be divided, in terms of their nature and use. This beach is located on the island of Gran Canaria, Spain, and is part of the site of scientific interest of Jinámar. A large wave dataset is used as input to a high-resolution numerical model for propagating offshore wave conditions to shallow waters in the study area. Furthermore, the morphology of the study area is reproduced by combining different bathymetric databases. Finally, the probability of occurrence of different levels of run-up and the corresponding levels of consequences are assigned, to assess the flood risk in the different areas of the beach, which are presented in a risk map of flooding in the study area.
Ano: 2018
Número Páginas:
1157-1166 pp.
Autor(es): Clarindo, G.; Reis, M. T. L. G. V.; Fortes, C. J. E. M.; Rodríguez, G.
Revista: Journal of Coastal Conservation
Editor: Springer
Volume:
Volume 22, Issue 6.
Keywords: Canary Islands; Wave climate; Wave run-up; Coastal flooding; Risk assessment
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Rubble mound breakwater damage assessment through stereo photogrammetry in physical scale laboratory tests
Scale-model tests are usually required to evaluate the hydraulic and structural behavior of proposed rubble-mound breakwater designs. In order to speed up and ease the armor layer damage assessment, we developed a technique based on stereo photogrammetry. A key feature of this technique is its ability to compensate for the refraction in the air-water interface, thus producing a survey of the envelope of the armor layer without the need to empty the wave flume or wave basin where the scale model tests are carried out. This article describes this technique and the tests made to establish confidence in it and in the damage evaluation on a breakwater scale model. Results led to an error estimation of only fractions of a centimeter.
Ano: 2018
Número Páginas:
84-98pp.
Autor(es): Lemos, R.; Santos, J. A.; Fortes, C. J. E. M.
Revista: Ribagua, Revista Iberoamericana del Agua
Editor: Taylor & Francis
Volume:
Vol. 4.
Keywords: Breakwater; Scale model; Rubble mound; Photogrammetry
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Running high resolution coastal models in forecast systems: moving from workstations and hpc cluster to cloud resources
Computational forecast systems (CFS) are essential modelling tools for coastal management by providing water dynamics predictions. Nowadays CFS are processed in dedicated workstations, fulfilling quality control through automatic comparison with field data. Recently, CFS has been successfully ported to High Performance Computing (HPC) resources, maintained by highly-specialized staff in these complex environments. The need to increase the available resources for more demanding applications and to enhance the portability for use in non-scientific institutions has promoted the search for more flexible and user-friendly approaches. The scalability and flexibility of cloud resources, with dedicated services for facilitating their use, makes them an attractive option.Herein, the performance of CFS using ECO-SELFE MPI-based model is assessed and compared for the first time in multiple environments, including local workstations, an HPC cluster and a pilot cloud. The analysis is conducted in a range of resources from the physical core count available at the smaller resources to the optimal number of processes, using cloud and HPC cluster resources. Results for the smaller, common physical resources show that the cloud is an attractive option for CFS operation. As the optimal number of processes for the use case is at the limit of the workstations common pool, an analysis was also performed using HPC cluster nodes and federated MPI resources. Results show that the cloud remains an attractive option for CFS. This conclusion is valid both for the use of a single host or through federated hosts, providing that efficient communication infrastructure (such as SRIOV) is available.
Ano: 2018
Número Páginas:
70-79pp.
Autor(es): Rogeiro, J.; Rodrigues, M.; Azevedo, A.; Oliveira, A.; Martins, J.; David, M.; Pina, J.; Dias, N.; Gomes, J.
Revista: Advances in Engineering Software
Editor: Elsevier
Volume:
vol 117.
Keywords: Federated MPI; Optimal performance; Numerical models; Forecast systems; Parallel computing; HPC; Cloud
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Seismic performance of historical buildings based on discrete element method: An adobe church
This article presents the main concepts and the application of thediscrete element method (DEM) for evaluating the seismic performanceof historical buildings. Furthermore, the out-of-plane behaviorof an adobe church with thick walls, in which the morphology of thecross-section can have an influence on the response, was evaluatedby the DEM. The performance of rigid and deformable blocks modelswas compared, and the sensitivity of the numerical model to thevariation of critical parameters was investigated. The results allowedthe identification of the most vulnerable elements and a proposal ofrecommendations for reducing the seismic vulnerability.
Ano: 2018
Autor(es): Mendes, N.; Lemos, J. V.
Revista: JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
Editor: Taylor & Francis
Keywords: Masonry; DEM
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