Artigos de Revista

A set of physical model tests was run in to characterize the ship

The analysis of the shaking table test of a 3-wall stone masonry structure performed with a discreteelement model is presented. The numerical model, created with the code 3DEC, employed a rigidblock representation and a Mohr-Coulomb joint model. Joint stiffness calibration to match theexperimental natural frequencies is discussed, as well as the boundary conditions to simulate theshake table. Comparisons are made with themeasured displacements at key locations, and themodesof deformation and fracture of the walls. The DEM model was able to reproduce important features ofthe shaking table tests. The experimental deformation and near collapse patterns were clearlyidentifiable in the numerical simulations, which produced displacements within the observed ordersof magnitude, for the various levels of excitation.

The explicit formulation of a small displacementmodel for the coupled hydro-mechanical analysis of concretegravity dam foundations based on joint finite elementsis presented. The proposed coupled model requires athorough pre-processing stage in order to ensure that theinteraction between the various blocks which representboth the rock mass foundation and the dam is always edgeto edge. The mechanical part of the model, though limitedto small displacements, has the advantage of allowing anaccurate representation of the stress distribution along theinterfaces, such as rock mass joints. The hydraulic part andthe mechanical part of the model are fully compatible. Thecoupled model is validated using a real case of a dam inoperation, by comparison of the results with those obtainedwith a large displacement discrete model. It is shown that itis possible to assess the sliding stability of concrete gravitydams using small displacement models under both staticand dynamic conditions.

There is a growing interest for marine flooding related to recent catastrophic events and their unintended consequences in terms of casualties and damages, and to the increasing population and issues along the coasts in a context of changing climate. Consequently, the knowledge on marine flooding has progressed significantly for the last years and this review, focused on storm-induced marine submersions, responds to the need for a synthesis. Three main components are presented in the review: (1) a state-of-the-art on marine submersions from the viewpoint of several scientific disciplines; (2) a selection of examples demonstrating the added value of interdisciplinary approaches to improve our knowledge of marine submersions; (3) a selection of examples showing how the management of future crises or the planning efforts to adapt to marine submersions can be supported by new results or techniques from the research community. From a disciplinary perspective, recent progress were achieved with respect to physical processes, numerical modeling, the knowledge of past marine floods and vulnerability assessment. At a global scale, the most vulnerable coastal areas to marine flooding with high population density are deltas and estuaries. Recent and well-documented floods allow analyzing the vulnerability parameters of different coastal zones. While storm surges can nowadays be reproduced accurately, the modeling of coastal flooding is more challenging, particularly when barrier breaches and wave overtopping have to be accounted for. The chronology of past marine floods can be reconstructed combining historical archives and sediment records. Sediment records of past marine floods localized in back barrier depressions are more adequate to reconstruct past flooding chronology. For the two last centuries, quantitative and descriptive historical data can be used to characterize past marine floods. Beyond providing a chronology of events, sediment records combined with geochronology, statistic analysis and climatology, can be used to reconstruct millennial-scale climate variability and enable a better understanding of the possible regional and local long-term trends in storm activity. Sediment records can also reveal forgotten flooding of exceptional intensity, much more intense than those of the last few decades. Sedimentological and historical archives, combined with highresolution topographic data or numerical hindcast of storms can provide quantitative information and explanations for marine flooding processes. From these approaches, extreme past sea levels height can be determined and are very useful to complete time series provided by the instrumental measurements on shorter time scales. In particular, historical data can improve the determination of the return periods associated with extreme water levels, which are often inaccurate when computed based on instrumental data, due to the presence of gaps and too short time-series. Longterm numerical hindcast of tides and surges can also be used to provide the required time series for statistical analysis. Worst-case scenarios, used to define coastal management plans and strategies, can be obtained from realistic atmospheric settings with different tidal ranges and by shifting the trajectory of storms. Management of future crises and planning efforts to adapt to marine submersions are optimized by predictions of water levels from hydrodynamic models. Such predictions combined with in situ measurements and analysis of human stakes can be used to define a vulnerability index. Then, the efficiency of adaptation measures can be evaluated with respect to the number of lives that could be potentially saved. Numerical experiments also showed that the realignment of coastal defenses could result in water level reduction up to 1 m in the case where large marshes are flooded. Such managed realignment of coastal defenses may constitute a promising adaptation to storm-induced flooding and future sea level rise. From a legal perspective, only a few texts pay specific attention to the risk of marine flooding whether nationally or globally. Recent catastrophic events and their unintended consequences in terms of death and damages have triggered political decisions, like in USA after hurricane Katrina, and in France after catastrophic floods that occurred in 2010.

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Water utilities have to deal with different challenges including ageing infrastructures, demand variability, climate change and increased societal expectations. This paper aims at outlining potential synergies between communication promotion and the implementation of a structured approach to enhance water loss and energy management in water utilities. The use of a structured approach in the decision-making process leverages knowledge production from various stakeholders, enabling them to propose solutions for the challenges faced by the water utilities. Collaboration is essential to achieve improvements in the long-term by breaking down information silos and boundaries resulting from functional specialism. In the scope of the iPerdas 2014 project, seventeen Portuguese water utilities followed a joint training and capacity building approach to work strategically with water loss and energy efficiency issues. The benefits of implementing a comprehensive communication framework are presented, highlighting the interconnected nature of barriers to energy and water efficiency and the need to address these barriers in a holistic manner. The paper concludes with the presentation of some lessons learned regarding the promotion of communication in collaborative projects.

Abstract. This paper describes the use of diffractive optical elements (DOEs) for metrological traceable geometrical testing of high focal length cameras applied in the observation of large-scale structures. DOEs and related mathematical models are briefly explained. Laboratorial activities and results are described for the case of a high focal length camera used for long-distance displacement measurement of a long-span (2278 m) suspension bridge.

No projeto LIFE Hymemb foi desenvolvido um protótipo de adsorção com Carvão Ativado em Pó e Microfiltração cerâmica (PAC/MF) que esteve a operar continuamente, durante um ano e meio, na estação de tratamento de água (ETA) de Alcantarilha para demonstrar a eficácia, fiabilidade e eficiência deste processo em particular no controlo de fármacos, pesticidas, cianotoxinas, vírus e protozoários na água para consumo humano. O protótipo aliou a tecnologia de membranas de baixa pressão, a microfiltração com membranas cerâmicas, emergente na Europa mas ainda não utilizada em Portugal, com a adsorção a PAC, aplicado

As preocupações ambientais de reduzir as emissões de gases de efeito de estufa como estratégia para mitigar o efeito das alterações climáticas tem impostos desafios à melhoria da eficiência energética do setor dos edifícios (Pinto, 2015). Na construção mais recente e na reabilitação de edifícios existe uma tendência para uma significativa melhoria da qualidade térmica da envolvente, nomeadamente para a melhoria do isolamento térmico de elementos opacos e dos vãos envidraçados (Fragoso, 2017). Estudos de mercado (SEEP, 2014) apontam a melhoria ou substituição das janelas como a medida de eficiência energética preferida pelos consumidores para melhorar o desempenho energético da habitação. Nas medidas de melhoria é inesperado os consumidores não identificarem a melhoria do sistema de ventilação, devido por exemplo à existência de correntes de ar através das frinchas das janelas ou, condensações superficiais em habitações. Por outro lado, em edifícios com elevado nível de isolamento térmico a ventilação pode ser responsável por mais de metade das perdas térmicas da fração na estação de aquecimento.