Artigos de Revista

As análises de risco são uma das ferramentas disponíveis de controlo da segurança de estruturas a projecto ou em exploração. O presente artigo apresenta a aplicação de algumas metodologias de análise de risco a barragens de aterro em Portugal, designadamente, a avaliação do índice global de risco, a análise dos modos de rotura e dos seus efeitos e as árvores de eventos e de falhas. O primeiro dos métodos mencionados foi aplicado a um conjunto de barragens de pequena e média dimensão. A análise dos modos de falha a uma barragem de rejeitados e as árvores de eventos e de falhas à ensecadeira de Odelouca.

O presente trabalho descreve uma primeira aplicação ao porto de Sines do conjunto de procedimentos automáticosintroduzidos no sistema integrado de modelação da agitação marítima, GUIOMAR, para avaliação do risco paranavegação em zonas portuárias. O novo conjunto de procedimentos automáticos implementa uma metodologia deavaliação do risco baseada na amplitude da componente vertical do movimento de um navio ao longo da sua trajectóriainduzida pela agitação marítima incidente no navio.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare the tasks and responsibilities of public and private parties in the building control systems of the 27 European Union (EU) countries. Design/methodology/approach – To gather the necessary information, a questionnaire on building regulatory systems was distributed to experts in each country, and the major legal documents in each jurisdiction were reviewed. The information was organized into thematic tables that describe all the countries studied. The themes within the tables are: regulatory framework, application, plan approval, site inspection, completion, and supervision. Findings – The paper finds that there aremany similarities between the building control systems of the various EU countries. Public parties in all countries set the regulatory framework, check planning applications, issue building permits, conduct final inspections, grant completion certificates, and supervise the operation of the system. The main difference between them concerns the nature of the involvement of private parties in checking technical requirements, and in site inspections. Three basic types of building control systems are identified: public, mixed, and dual. The majority of the countries have mixed systems. Although several variations are found among the mixed systems, the most common situation is for public parties to check the technical requirements and private parties to be involved in site inspections. Originality/value – The analysis provides a global picture of the building control systems of all EU countries. The results can be useful for situating the systems of each country within the European panorama, assessing the main trends and developments and guiding strategic choices on possible improvements in each country.

O Campo Experimental do LNEC, para ensaios geofísicos e geotécnicos, situa-se no campus doLNEC, na região nordeste de Lisboa, onde ocorrem formações miocénicas. Inicialmente foramaplicados no sítio os métodos geofísicos da refracção sísmica e das ondas superficiais, queforneceram estimativas da estratificação e das respectivas velocidades das ondas sísmicas P e S.Posteriormente foram executadas sondagens mecânicas e alguns ensaios de caracterização insitu, incluindo ensaios sísmicos entre furos. Nesta comunicação analisam-se os resultados dosdiversos ensaios efectuados, com base nos quais se obteve a caracterização geológicogeotécnicapreliminar do sítio do referido Campo Experimental.

Os revestimentos interiores de paredes e tectos dos edifícios antigos portugueses têm sido raras vezes objecto de estudo, verificando-se um desconhecimento quase total dos materiais que entram na sua constituição. Neste estudo são apresentados os resultados da caracterização dos revestimentos interiores de edifícios portugueses antigos, constituídos por argamassas de cal e de cal e gesso, dos vários períodos da arquitectura nacional, com base na análise de amostras de vários casos de estudo, localizados em diversas zonas do País e pertencentes a épocas diferenciadas (romano, árabe, barroco e pós-barroco).

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In recent years an increased shift in the geographical range of species has been documented, which coincides with globalwarming. On the Portuguese coast the raising of sea-surface temperatures and salinity has also been affecting the intertidal species range. The aim of the present study was to assess changes in the wood boring community present in the Tagus Estuary by comparing data from present surveys with historical records from the 1960s and 1970s. A shift in the activity of wood boring species was observed in the Tagus Estuary. In recent surveys, the main agents of wood destruction in the Tagus were Limnoria tripunctata and Limnoria quadripunctata. In the 1960s and 1970s only L. tripunctata was reported as occurring in the Tagus estuary but it was not considered at threat to wooden structures exposed in the sea. The present predominance of limnoriids in the Tagus might be related to several factors but possibly the most important was the increase in salinity in the area, as limnoriids appear to be restricted to waters with salinities closed to that of seawater. The teredinid species also changed in the area. In the 1960s and 1970s Teredo navalis was reported as the only teredinid species occurring in the Tagus. In recent surveys however, this species was not found, instead two other teredinid species were present Lyrodus pedicellatus and Nototeredo norvagica. The absence of T. navalis in recent surveys might be related to competition with L. pedicellatus.

Alentejo religious buildings reflect undoubtedly the history and character of this southern Portugal region. These buildings conservation requires a deep knowledge of their masonry’s and renders’ lime mortars, to evaluate correctly their state of conservation, to avoid progression of pathological situations and to plan efficient interventions, with repair and substitution materials with similar characteristics. In this article we present a synthesis of the main results obtained in the mortars characterization of religious buildings from Alentejo, which include Évora and Elvas Cathedrals, Mértola Mosque and the church of Amieira do Tejo. For each monument, several samples were collected from different sites and a set of tests was carried out, including chemical, mineralogical and microstructural, as well as physical and mechanical tests. The tested mortars correspond to different phases of construction and interventions on the buildings, comprising mainly origin periods from the 12th to the 18th century; hence exhibited significant differences in composition and in application techniques. The obtained results of composition have given important information about the provenance of the materials used, including binder and sand types, and also about decay products and their correlation with the mortar’s conservation state, which gave important clues on the repair strategy to adopt.

Abstract. The use of gypsum plaster for interior covering of walls and ceilings in the Portuguese architecture was particularly expressive in the period between the XVIII and the XX century. However, information about this important heritage is almost inexistent, which is leading to a fast loss of important patrimony.In this paper, the results of the characterization of gypsum plaster samples belonging to two buildings from the same historical period (end of the XIX century and beginning of the XX), situated in distant geographical regions of Portugal are presented and discussed.XRD, TGA-DTA, optical microscopy and SEM-EDS observations were used for the chemical and microstructural characterization. Some physical and mechanical properties, such as capillary absorption, dynamic elasticity modulus and compressive strength were also determined and a relationship between the characteristics observed in the samples and the technology associated to their use and application on site, as well as the possible existence of regional influences on all these aspects, are discussed.

The use of gypsum plaster for interior covering of walls and ceilings in the Portuguese architecture was particularly expressive in the period between the XVIII and the XX century. However, information about this important heritage is almost inexistent, which is leading to a fast loss of important patrimony. In this paper, the results of the characterization of gypsum plaster samples belonging to two buildings from the same historical period (end of the XIX century and beginning of the XX), situated in distant geographical regions of Portugal are presented and discussed. XRD, TGA-DTA, optical microscopy and SEM-EDS observations were used for the chemical and microstructural characterization. Some physical and mechanical properties, such as capillary absorption, dynamic elasticity modulus and compressive strength were also determined and a relationship between the characteristics observed in the samples and the technology associated to their use and application on site, as well as the possible existence of regional influences on all these aspects, are discussed.